Connecticut General Statutes § 53a-251 – Computer Crime

Computer crime prosecutions in Connecticut are becoming increasingly common as law enforcement targets everything from hacking and data breaches to online financial schemes. C.G.S. § 53a-251 is the state’s primary statute for prosecuting computer-related offenses. These cases often involve complex digital evidence and serious felony charges, making early, skilled legal representation essential.

At Allan F. Friedman Criminal Lawyer, we have over 30 years of experience defending clients accused of computer crimes, identity theft, and white-collar offenses throughout Connecticut.

Under C.G.S. § 53a-251, a person commits Computer Crime when they:

• Intentionally access, alter, damage, or disrupt a computer system, network, or data without authorization.
• Introduce viruses, malware, or other malicious programs into a computer system.
• Use a computer or network to commit other crimes, such as:
  • Identity Theft
  • Credit Card Fraud

This law applies not only to sophisticated hackers but also to individuals accused of:

• Unauthorized use of an employer’s systems
• Accessing someone else’s online accounts
• Participating in schemes where computers were used as tools of the crime

The severity of penalties depends on the value of the damage or loss caused:

• First Degree: Damage over $10,000 – Class B felony, up to 20 years in prison and a $15,000 fine.
• Second Degree: Damage over $5,000 – Class C felony, up to 10 years and a $10,000 fine.
• Third Degree: Damage over $1,000 – Class D felony, up to 5 years and a $5,000 fine.
• Fourth Degree: Damage over $500 – Class A misdemeanor, up to 1 year and a $2,000 fine.
• Fifth Degree: Damage $500 or less – Class B misdemeanor, up to 6 months and a $1,000 fine.

Note: Prosecutors frequently add Larceny in the First Degree (C.G.S. § 53a-122) or Larceny in the Second Degree (C.G.S. § 53a-123) when financial losses are involved.

A conviction can also have collateral consequences beyond prison:

• Loss of employment opportunities.
• Inability to obtain professional licenses.
• Immigration consequences for non-citizens.
• Permanent damage to your reputation.

Computer crime cases often involve complex technical issues that can be challenged by an experienced attorney. Common defenses include:

• Lack of intent: Showing there was no malicious purpose or that actions were accidental.
• Authorization existed: Proving you had permission to access the system or data.
• Mistaken identity: Demonstrating someone else used your IP address, network, or credentials.
• Improper search or seizure: Suppressing evidence obtained without a valid warrant.

Many first-time offenders may qualify for Connecticut’s Accelerated Rehabilitation (AR) Program, a pretrial diversion program that can result in dismissal and erasure of the charge.

Computer Crime charges often accompany other financial crime allegations, such as:

• Identity Theft (C.G.S. § 53a-129)
• Credit Card Fraud (C.G.S. § 53a-128d)
• Larceny in the First Degree (C.G.S. § 53a-122)
• Larceny in the Second Degree (C.G.S. § 53a-123)

Understanding these interrelated charges is key to building a strong defense.

• Hacking into a company server to obtain sensitive data.
• Altering or destroying digital records to conceal wrongdoing.
• Installing malware to disrupt operations.
• Being unknowingly recruited to deposit fraudulent checks or transfer funds—later charged under this statute even though you were a victim of manipulation.

Digital evidence can be misinterpreted or taken out of context. Early intervention allows us to:

• Challenge the legality of searches and seizures.
• Present exculpatory evidence showing lack of intent or involuntary involvement.
• Negotiate with prosecutors to reduce or dismiss charges.
• Pursue AR Program eligibility to keep your record clean.

If you are facing Computer Crime charges under C.G.S. § 53a-251, you need an attorney who understands how to challenge digital evidence and protect your future.

Contact Allan F. Friedman Criminal Lawyer today or call (203) 257-555 for a free, confidential consultation.