Violation of Probation

Probation is often granted in Connecticut as an alternative to jail. It gives defendants a chance to remain in the community under supervision instead of serving a full prison term. But probation is not a free pass — it comes with strict conditions, and if you violate them, you can face serious consequences, including the possibility of being sent back to jail.

If you or someone you love has been accused of violating probation (VOP) in Connecticut, it’s important to understand the process, what penalties you may face, and how a skilled defense lawyer can help protect your rights and fight for your freedom.

Probation is a period of supervision ordered by the court instead of, or in addition to, jail time. If you are placed on probation, you must follow conditions set by the judge and your probation officer.

Common probation conditions include:

• Regular check-ins with a probation officer
• Random drug or alcohol testing
• No new arrests or criminal activity
• Maintaining employment or school enrollment
• No contact with certain individuals (victim, co-defendants)
• Substance abuse or anger management treatment
• Community service
• Paying restitution or fines

In Connecticut, you violate probation if you:

1. Commit a new crime while on probation.
2. Fail to comply with the conditions of probation (called a “technical violation”).

Examples include:

• Missing appointments with your probation officer
• Failing a drug or alcohol test
• Skipping required treatment or counseling
• Failing to pay restitution
• Leaving the state without permission
• Associating with prohibited individuals

Even small mistakes can be taken seriously. Your probation officer has discretion to issue a warning or file a violation with the court.

Not all violations are treated the same. In Connecticut, they are generally grouped into two categories:

These occur when you fail to follow one of the rules of probation, but you haven’t been accused of a new crime. Examples include:

• Missing curfew
• Missing a check-in with your probation officer
• Not completing community service on time
• Failing to attend counseling sessions
• Testing positive for drugs or alcohol

Judges and probation officers often view technical violations as less serious, especially if they are isolated incidents. However, repeated technical violations may lead to stricter penalties.

These occur when you are accused of committing a new crime while on probation. Substantive violations are far more serious because they suggest you are unwilling or unable to remain law-abiding while under supervision.

Even if you have not yet been convicted of the new crime, the judge can find you in violation of probation based on the arrest or police reports.

If your probation officer believes you violated terms, they can submit a violation report to the court.

The court may issue an arrest warrant or send you a summons to appear. If a warrant is issued, you may be taken into custody.

You’ll appear before a judge. The violation will be read, and you’ll be advised of your rights. The judge may set bond or order you held until the hearing.

Unlike a criminal trial, a probation violation hearing does not require proof beyond a reasonable doubt. The state must prove a violation by a preponderance of the evidence (more likely than not). This lower burden of proof makes defending VOP cases challenging.

At the hearing:

• The prosecutor presents evidence of the alleged violation.
• Your lawyer can cross-examine witnesses and present defenses.
• The judge decides whether a violation occurred.

If the judge finds a violation, they may:

• Reinstate your probation with the same terms
• Modify probation conditions (stricter supervision, added treatment, more community service)
• Extend probation period
• Revoke probation and send you to jail for all or part of your original suspended sentence

Although probation violation hearings are not the same as criminal trials, you do still have important rights. These include:

• Notice of the violation: You must be told what condition you are accused of violating.
• Representation by counsel: You have the right to a lawyer, and one will be appointed if you cannot afford one.
• Right to a hearing: You can demand a hearing before a judge decides the violation.
• Right to present evidence: You may bring witnesses, documents, or testimony that supports your defense.
• Right to cross-examine witnesses: Your lawyer can question probation officers or police officers who testify against you.
• Right to appeal: If the court finds you in violation, you can appeal the decision, though appeals are rarely successful unless there was clear legal error.

Understanding these rights is critical because they allow your lawyer to build the strongest defense possible.

The penalties depend on:

• The seriousness of the violation
• Whether the violation was technical or a new arrest
• Your criminal history
• Whether you are considered a risk to public safety

For technical violations: Judges often give second chances, but repeated violations can lead to jail time.

For new arrests or serious violations: Judges are much more likely to revoke probation and impose the suspended sentence.

Even though the burden of proof is lower than in a criminal trial, you still have rights. Possible defenses include:

• False allegations: Proving you did comply with conditions.
• Procedural errors: Challenging whether probation followed proper reporting requirements.
• Insufficient evidence: State cannot prove violation by preponderance of the evidence.
• Mitigation: Even if a violation occurred, your attorney can argue circumstances (health issues, lack of transportation, financial hardship).
• Alternative solutions: Requesting modified probation instead of incarceration.

Even if the evidence shows that you technically violated probation, your lawyer can argue for alternatives to incarceration. Judges have wide discretion in probation cases. Strong mitigation can make the difference between being sent to prison and being given another chance.

Common mitigation strategies include:

• Showing progress: Proof of ongoing employment, education, or community service.
• Medical or personal hardship: Demonstrating that health problems, family crises, or other uncontrollable events contributed to the violation.
• Voluntary treatment: Showing initiative by enrolling in substance abuse or anger management programs.
• Letters of support: Character letters from employers, family, clergy, or counselors.
• Remedial action: If you missed community service hours, showing that you immediately completed them once reminded.

A probationer misses one appointment due to illness but provides medical records to prove it. With a lawyer’s help, the judge reinstates probation without penalty.

A probationer tests positive for opioids. Instead of revoking probation, the court orders participation in a treatment program, emphasizing rehabilitation over punishment.

A probationer is arrested for shoplifting while on probation for DUI. The judge can revoke probation based on the arrest alone, even before trial. A skilled lawyer negotiates to have probation continued until the new case is resolved, avoiding immediate incarceration.

A probationer misses curfew several times and fails to complete community service. The judge is frustrated, but the defense presents evidence of employment challenges and family caregiving responsibilities. The judge modifies probation with stricter reporting but does not revoke it.

Unlike criminal trials, where prosecutors must prove guilt beyond a reasonable doubt, probation violations are decided by a lower standard: preponderance of the evidence. This means it is easier for the state to prove a violation.

Judges also have broad authority. Once you are found in violation, they can sentence you to serve all or part of the original suspended sentence. This is why probation violations can be so dangerous — even minor infractions can trigger major consequences.

The probation officer can file a report with the court, and you may be arrested or summoned. A judge will then hold a violation of probation hearing.

No. VOP hearings are heard only by a judge.

The state must prove a violation by a preponderance of the evidence (more likely than not), which is much lower than beyond a reasonable doubt.

Yes, but judges often modify probation or give warnings for first-time technical violations.

The judge can revoke your probation even if you haven’t been convicted yet, based on the arrest itself.

Yes. Judges can extend the length of probation as a penalty for violations.

Yes. You have the right to an attorney, and if you cannot afford one, a public defender may be appointed.

Yes, but appeals are difficult. Most violations are upheld unless there was a clear legal error.

You can be ordered to serve the remainder of your suspended sentence. For example, if you had 2 years suspended, the judge can impose all 2 years.

Yes. Officers have discretion to issue warnings or require additional conditions before filing a formal violation.

Call your lawyer immediately. Voluntarily addressing the violation before your officer reports it can improve your outcome.

Yes, but a lawyer may argue for treatment instead of incarceration.

Yes, under the Interstate Compact for Adult Offender Supervision, but violations may complicate transfers.

It can. A VOP arrest or jail time may impact current employment and future job prospects.

Your lawyer can challenge evidence, negotiate alternatives to jail, and argue for reinstatement or modification instead of revocation.

A violation of probation in Connecticut is a serious matter that can put your freedom at risk. But it doesn’t have to mean automatic jail time. With the help of an experienced defense attorney, you can challenge the allegations, present mitigating circumstances, and fight for alternatives to incarceration.

📞 Call The Law Office of Allan F. Friedman today for a free consultation.
I have decades of experience defending clients accused of probation violations in Stamford and throughout Connecticut. Don’t face a probation violation hearing alone — let me protect your rights and fight for your future.